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In order to maintain the comfort conditions of certain premises, it will
be necessary to activate a process of heat transfer among the inner premises
and the external environment, removing it to the place you want to make cooler or
supplying it if you want to heat it.
In nature the heat transfer always happens from warm to cold: the warmer
bodies yield heat to the colder ones, the heat always shifts from the warmer environments
to those colder ones.
During the summer, the premises heat up, compromising the well-being
conditions, as the external environment has a higher temperature
compared to the inner premises and, therefore, following the natural law, the
heat shifts from the outside to the inside. On the contrary, during the winter,
the premises get cold because, being warmer, they yield this heat to the outside
which has it in a smaller quantity.
The job that an air conditioning system will have to carry out will
consist therefore in provoking a kind of “reversal” of this natural mechanism. During
the summer it will have to transfer the heat from the colder inner premises to
the warmer external environment and it will have to allow the inverse process during
the winter.
At this point the cooling gas, or refrigerant fluid, comes into play; it
circulates inside of the air conditioning system and, maintained to a low
temperature during the summer, it will absorb the heat of the inner premises, returning
fresh air, and inverting the process, during the winter the warm refrigerant
fluid will heat the air of the environment.
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